Imwe, guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira
Ibyinshi mu bikoresho byapakiwe kera byari bikozwe mubikoresho by'ibimera, nk'amababi, urubingo n'ibyatsi byari bikozwe mu buryo bworoshye gutwara.Mu bihe biri imbere, iyo abantu bakoresha amatungo mu bwikorezi, ingano yo gupakira nayo yariyongereye, kandi ibikoresho byo gupakira byakoreshejwe nabyo bigenda bitandukana.
Kugeza ubu, hari ibikoresho byinshi byo gupakira bikoreshwa mu mbuto zigihugu cyacu, bishobora kugabanywa muburyo butanu bukurikira:
Ibitebo: Ibitebo bikozwe mubikoresho bisanzwe byibimera nkimigano na vitex nibikoresho bisanzwe bipakira mugihugu cyanjye.Inyungu nyamukuru yibi bikoresho nuko ihendutse, yoroheje, kandi irashobora kuboha mubintu hafi yubunini nubunini.Ikibi ni uko imiterere idasanzwe kandi akenshi ntabwo ikomeye.Kubwibyo, ntibihagije gukumira ibyangiritse;ubunini ni bunini, kandi biroroshye kunanirwa no kwishyiriraho ibihimbano;imiterere isanzwe nini kandi ntoya, nubwo ishobora kugabanya umuvuduko kurwego rwo hasi rwimbuto, biragoye guhunika hasi mugihe cyo gutwara no kubika.
Agasanduku k'imbaho: Agasanduku k'ibiti karuta ibintu bikozwe mubindi bikoresho bisanzwe.Akarusho nuko bakomeye kandi barashobora gukorwa muburyo bumwe bwibisobanuro bitandukanye.Irakomeye kuruta ibindi bikoresho mukurinda kwangirika kwumubiri.Nyamara, agasanduku k'imbaho ubwako karemereye, kandi biragoye kubyitwaramo no gutwara.
Agasanduku k'ikarito: Ikarito ikarito ni ibicuruzwa byikoranabuhanga ryiburengerazuba.Nibyoroshye kandi bihendutse.Kubwibyo, nkigisimbuza udusanduku twibiti, bigaragara cyane mumazi.
Umurima wo kuzenguruka imbuto.Iyindi nyungu yikarito yikarito nuko ifite isura yoroshye kandi byoroshye gukoresha ibirango byanditse nibikoresho byamamaza.Ingaruka nini yikarito ni uko idashobora kongera gukoreshwa.Iyo bimaze kwangirika n'amazi cyangwa gutunganywa cyane, biroroshye kwangirika.
Agasanduku ka plastiki: Agasanduku ka plastiki gashobora gukorwa mubikoresho bitandukanye byubukorikori, ariko bikozwe cyane mubikoresho bibiri bikurikira: ubwoko bwa polyethylene bukomeye cyane nubwoko bworoshye bwa polystirene.Agasanduku keza cyane polyethylene agasanduku karakomeye kandi karakomeye.Irashobora kwihanganira byoroshye imikazo itandukanye ishobora guhura nuburyo busanzwe bwo kuzenguruka, kandi irashobora gutondekwa murwego runaka;icyarimwe, kuberako agasanduku gashobora gukorwa byoroshye Uniform spratifique irashobora gukoresha imikoreshereze yububiko;irakomeye kandi ifite ihinduka ryinshi mubishushanyo.Birashoboka kandi kongeramo imikandara hamwe nu muyaga kurukuta rw'agasanduku utagabanije imbaraga za mashini ya Dingzi.Mubyongeyeho, biroroshye koza, bifite isura nziza, kandi birashobora gukorwa mumabara atandukanye.Niba udusanduku twarakozwe kugirango dushobore guterwa hamwe, umwanya ufitemo udusanduku twubusa ni kimwe cya gatatu cyangwa munsi yibyo byuzuye.
Abantu batekereza ko utwo dusanduku twa pulasitike dufite ibintu byiza bya tekiniki mu rwego rwo kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango tuzenguruke imbuto n'imboga mbisi, bityo bikoreshwa mu gusimbuza ibikoresho bisanzwe bipakira mu mushinga uwo ari wo wose wo guteza imbere.Nyamara, ibikoresho bya polyethylene bihenze cyane, kandi birashoboka mubukungu gukoresha ubu bwoko bw'agasanduku gusa niba bushobora gutunganya neza uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu kandi bukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi.
Polystirene irakomeye, iri munsi yubucucike, urumuri muburemere, nibyiza mubushuhe.Irashobora gukoreshwa mu gutwara ibicuruzwa byakonje mbere yubushyuhe bwa buri munsi.Mubyongeyeho, ibi bikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhindura ingaruka.Ingaruka nyamukuru yacyo nuko niba imbaraga zikabije zitunguranye zikoreshwa, zizaturika cyangwa zijanjagure.Muri icyo gihe kimwe, kubera kutorohereza isuku, guhindura isura yo gukoresha bwa mbere, nibindi, kontineri ikozwe muribi bikoresho ntishobora gukoreshwa kunshuro ya kabiri, bivamo igiciro kinini cyo gukoresha.
Ubwoko butanu bwibikoresho byo gupakira bukozwe mubikoresho byo gupakira kugirango birinde ibyangiritse biturutse hanze kandi ni mubipfunyika hanze yibicuruzwa.Mubikoresho byo gupakira, buri gicuruzwa gishobora kugongana cyangwa ibicuruzwa hamwe na kontineri, kandi uku kugenda nabyo bizangiza umubiri kubicuruzwa.Ongeraho ibipapuro by'imbere mubikoresho bipakira birashobora gukumira ibyangiritse biterwa no kugongana.Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu gupakira imbere ni:
Ibikoresho by'ibihingwa: Ibikoresho by'ibihingwa nk'amababi nibyo bipfunyika imbere mu cyaro.Zikoreshwa cyane kumurongo kandi zifite akamaro kanini mukurinda ibicuruzwa.Mu bice byinshi byigihugu cyacu, amababi akoreshwa nkibipfundikizo byimbere byibiseke.Nyamara, ibikoresho byibimera ni ibinyabuzima, bityo bigomba guhumeka.Impemu zabo zirashobora kugira ingaruka kubicuruzwa, bikongera urugero rwubushuhe bwubushyuhe mubikoresho bipakira, kandi bikagura kwanduza mikorobe.Rimwe na rimwe, gupakira imbere mubikoresho nkibi nabyo bikuraho isura yibicuruzwa.
Impapuro: Impapuro zikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho byo gupakira imbere, kandi bihendutse ni ibinyamakuru bishaje.Uruhare rwakozwe nimpapuro nibibabi byibimera ni bimwe, ariko usibye kumpapuro, birashobora no gukoreshwa mugupakira ibicuruzwa.Ugereranije nibikoresho byibimera, impapuro ntabwo byanze bikunze bigira akamaro mukurinda ibicuruzwa, ariko ntibizagira imikoranire mibi nibicuruzwa, kandi birashobora kunoza cyane isura yibicuruzwa ku isoko.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimpapuro zo gupfunyika imbere, harimo impapuro zipfunyika, impapuro pallet, impapuro zometseho nibindi.Gupfunyika impapuro birashobora gukoreshwa mukurinda ibicuruzwa kugiti cye, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gutunganya imiti nyuma yisarura.Impapuro palette hamwe nugushiramo birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango utandukane numurongo wibicuruzwa cyangwa nkumurongo winyongera wo gutandukanya ibikoresho.Urupapuro rwinjizwamo narwo rushobora gukorwa mubyobo cyangwa gride mubikoresho byo gupakira kugirango bitandukane rwose nibicuruzwa.
Plastike: Uburyo bwo gukoresha plastike y'imbere ni kimwe nimpapuro, kandi hariho ubwoko bwinshi.Irashimishije kuruta gupakira impapuro kandi ifite ibyiza byingenzi mugucunga igihombo no guhumeka, ariko ikiguzi ni kinini.Abantu bakoresha kandi ibiti byoroshye, ibiti bya pulasitike cyangwa fibre yo hejuru.
Muri make, guhitamo gupakira bigarukira kubiciro byimbuto n'imboga ubwabyo.Ibintu nkigiciro cyibicuruzwa, igiciro cyo gupakira, ingaruka zo kurinda ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, nigiciro cyo kugurisha bigomba kwitabwaho.Ibikoresho bihendutse byo gupakira imbuto n'imboga ni ibitebo n'amashashi bikozwe mubikoresho kavukire.Ariko ibintu bifatika bibwira abantu ko ukoresheje ubu buryo bwo gupakira, ibicuruzwa byangirika cyane.Kurugero, ibiseke by'imigano bifite aho bigarukira.Ubwa mbere, ni binini mubunini kandi bigoye kubyitwaramo byoroshye mugihe cyo gukora;icya kabiri, bararemerewe, bishyira ibicuruzwa munsi yigitutu kinini.Byongeye kandi, ntabwo bifasha gutondeka mugihe cyo gutwara no kubika.Kubwibyo, abahanga bamwe bavuga ko ibintu nkibi bidakwiye kubikoresho byo gupakira kandi ko ubwo bwoko bwo gupakira bugomba kuvaho intambwe ku yindi kandi nibindi bikoresho byo gupakira bigomba gukoreshwa.Nkurikije uko igihugu cyanjye kimeze, ikiguzi gisanzwe cyimigano ni gito.Igihe cyose ibikoresho byo gupakira bikozwe bito, bitwikiriye, kandi imikorere ikanozwa neza, imigano yimigano irashobora gukomeza gukoreshwa.
2. Ingaruka zo gupakira kumiterere yibicuruzwa
Gupakira bikoreshwa mukurinda ibicuruzwa.Irinda ibicuruzwa ibintu bikurikira:
1. Irinde kwangirika
Ibyangiritse byangiritse kubicuruzwa mugihe cyo kuzenguruka birashobora guterwa nimpamvu enye zitandukanye: gukuramo, kugongana (guterana) no gukata.Imbuto zitandukanye zifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kwangirika kwa mashini, ubwo rero itandukaniro rigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira.
Kunyunyuza hanze yikintu cyo gupakira kibanza gukora kubikoresho.Iyo imbaraga za mashini zo gupakira zidashobora kwihanganira igitutu cyo hanze, ibicuruzwa bizanyeganyezwa.Gariyamoshi, ibishashara byubuki, nibindi birashobora gukoreshwa mugisanduku cyo gupakira kugirango wongere imbaraga za mashini yikintu gipakira, kandi rimwe na rimwe igifuniko cyongewe mubikoresho bipakira, bishobora kandi kongera ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira ibikoresho bipakira ubwabyo hejuru umutwaro.Mubyukuri, akenshi biterwa ningaruka z’ibidukikije niho imbaraga za mashini yikintu gipakira zigenda zigabanuka, bikaviramo kwikanyiza, nko mu kirere ahantu hafite ubuhehere bwinshi, nyuma yo kwegeranya, cyangwa nyuma yo gutose imvura , bikunze gukoreshwa bikonjesha Agasanduku ka fibre gahita itakaza imbaraga kubera kwinjiza neza.Kubwibyo, ubu bwoko bwikarito agasanduku ntigushimishije bihagije kugirango ukoreshwe mububiko bukonje cyane.Mu myaka mike ishize, Minisiteri yubucuruzi yazamuye udusanduku twa calcium-plastike yo gupakira imbuto.Ubu bwoko bwibisanduku bipfunyika bifite umuvuduko muke wamazi kandi biratsinda ibitagenda neza byikarito, ariko ikiguzi ni kinini, kandi biroroshye kandi byoroshye kumeneka mugihe cy'ubushyuhe buke.
Igitera kugongana biterwa nimbaraga zitunguranye, nko gufata nabi mugihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura, kugwa mubipaki mugihe cyo gutwara cyangwa gufata feri gitunguranye.Kunyeganyega birasanzwe mu bwikorezi.Kwangirika kwinyeganyeza ni ugutera abrasion, bishobora gutera uruhu ruto kuruhu guhanagura igice cyinyama.Izi nkomere zose zatewe no gukuramo ibice zijimye bitewe no guhura na ogisijeni ya acide ya tannic hamwe nibindi bisa na tissue yakomeretse mukirere, byangiza ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, cyane cyane ubwiza bwibigaragara.Ikibi cyangiza cyane ni uko ibyo bikomere bigaragara ni idirishya ryanduza indwara kandi ryongera guhumeka kwimbuto, bityo byihuta kwangirika.
Kugira ngo wirinde guhungabana kw'ibicuruzwa no kunyeganyega, witondere ibintu bibiri: kuruhande rumwe, ntihakagombye kubaho kwimuka hagati ya buri gicuruzwa no hagati yibicuruzwa n'ibikoresho bipakira kugirango wirinde kwangirika.Kurundi ruhande, ibikoresho byo gupakira bigomba kuba byuzuye, ariko ntabwo byuzuye cyangwa bikabije;bitabaye ibyo, kumenagura no gukomeretsa biziyongera.Ibicuruzwa birashobora gupfunyika umwe umwe hanyuma bigatandukana umwe umwe;ibicuruzwa byimbuto birashobora kandi gupakirwa mubice no mubice, cyangwa bigapfundikirwa nigitambaro gishobora kugabanya kunyeganyega, ariko ibi byanze bikunze bizamura igiciro, ugomba rero gutekereza kubikoresha Ibi bipfunyika birashobora kugabanya igihombo no kongera amafaranga, nyuma yo kugereranya, gufata icyemezo niba ugomba gukoresha ubu bwoko bwo gupakira.Muri make, gukemura ubwitonzi nuburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ibyangiritse kumubiri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-27-2021